When shooting with a hotshoe flash, there are some common questions. How should I adjust the settings on my flash? How to manuals and TTL modes affect my images? What is a flash sync, and more importantly what curtain sync first and second curtain sync? Where should I flash my point? Is the flash zoom? All these questions and more will be answered in this tutorial.
Flash Modes
When operating your hotshoe flash in manual mode, you are basically setting the power of the flash. Most flash units allow you to decided whether to use the maximum or the minimum power it can supply along with steps in between.
Like camera stops, flashes also have stops. These are referred to as flash power, and are measured in fractional increments: 1 (or full) » 1/2 » 1/4 » 1/8 » 1/16 » 1/32 » 1/64, etc. Practically named: Full power, half-power, quarter-power, etc.
Moving one step along this scale (from full power to half-power, or from half-power to quarter-power) is one stop difference. The same change in exposure as adjusting your shutter speed or aperture one stop.
Depending on your particular hotshoe flash model or brand, half or even third-stop power increments might be possible, ust like in-between shutter speed and aperture adjustments. On some flashes, the power can be set directly from the flash and is indicated on the flash LCD screen.
Other flashes (especially the smaller ones with no LCD screen on the back), can only be set through the camera’s menu, or are completely controlled by sensors in the flash. Getting a flash that is compatible with your camera, can make your life a lot easier. Not only is there added convenience, but you’ll also enjoy extended functionality.
source: http://www.photographyabdu.com
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